In order to investigate the growth curve of broiler chickens at line level, respectively 154 and 144 birds from two paternal LINES A and B of a commercial broiler line were used. Line A were selected several generations for low feed conversion rate and line B were selected several generation for high body weight. Body weight was measured at 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 and 54 days of age and the growth curve were fitted by Gompertz model. Moreover, feed conversion rate were evaluated just for 20% of birds within 23 and 54 day of age. At the end of experiment, all birds were slaughtered and some carcass traits like breast weight, liver and abdominal fat were assayed. The results of current study showed that mature index and the age at inflection point in male birds of line B were higher than that in line A. Female broilers in line B showed higher hatch weight, mature index and age at the inflection point than that in line A. The hatch weight, mature index and age at the inflection point were similar between male and female birds in both paterntal LINES. Liver weight, abdominal fat and feed conversion rate among male birds in paterntal LINES were no significant, but the difference in breast weights in male broilers was significant. Breast weight, Liver weight and abdominal fat in female broilers in line B were significant and higher than female broilers line A but food conversion rate was no significant. Liver weight and abdominal fat were significant between males and females in PARENTAL line but, only breast weight between male and female in line B was significant. The growth rate of birds in line B during 17 to 35 day of age was higher than that in line A. Moreover the growth rate in male birds during 17 to 54 day of age was higher than that in female birds.

Association mapping is a reliable tool to detect the association between phenotypic and genotypic data through linkage disequilibrium. In the present study, 21 SSR and 19 TRAP markers were applied to investigate the genetic structure and association analysis in 53 Iranian sunflower PARENTAL LINES, including 23 restorer and 30 cytoplasmic male sterility LINES. In the phenotypic analysis, 18 morpho-physiological traits were measured. The population structure analysis identified five and two actual subpopulations (optimum K) across SSR and TRAP markers, respectively. Using SSR data, population differentiation measurements (FST) between the subpopulations ranged from 0. 24 to 0. 43 (average 0. 32),using TRAP data, FST varied between 0. 23 and 0. 24 (average 0. 24). Association mapping analysis indicated that SSR and TRAP markers were associated with 11 and 17 traits, respectively. SSR loci Ha 494-ar, Ha 806-ar, Ha 991-ar, Ha 1167-ar, Ha 1287-ar, ORS-53, and ORS-54 were associated with seed yield per plant, oil yield per plant, seed yield, and oil yield respectively. On the other hand, several TRAP markers, including K11F05/TRAP03, K11F05/TRAP03, and F15O11F1/TRAP03 were associated with flowering duration, maturity, and 1000-seed weight, respectively. In conclusion, the genetic structure and marker-trait associations reported here can be exploited for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in sunflower breeding programs.

To determine the general and specific combining ability of the PARENTAL LINES, five restorers and four male sterility LINES were selected as LINES and testers respectively. Nine PARENTAL LINES were crossed in a Line x Tester crossing system in year 2005 and the eight F1 hybrids and their six parents in Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) in two replications for yield, yield components and major qualitative characters. The effect of GCA was negative and significant for grain yield in line No.2 (Sepidrood), and in line SA14R, it was positive and significant for grain yield. The effect of SCA was positive and significant for grain yield in four hybrids of IR58025A/IR62030R, IR79124A1SA13R, IR79124A ISA14R and SA15A /Sepidrood. Two hybrids (IR79124A1 SA13R and IR79124A/SA14R) had the highest grain yield with 10.4 and 11.5 t/ha respectively. These combinations were recommended for hybrid seed production in of Gilan province.

A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was carried out to study the effect of Gibberellic acid on morphological qualities of hybrid rice PARENTAL LINES in spring 2006. The study was done in a three hectares field in Amol. In this investigation, the male sterile line, IR58025A, accompanied by the male sterile line restoring, IR58025B, were planted in the proportion of 6:2 and 8:2. At blossom, flag leaf cut and GA3 hormone spraying with different viscosities were used as treatments. The results of variance analysis showed significant differences among different plots, and the two A and B parents. Comparison of means showed that flag leaf cut had a significant effect on the height of bushes and an important role in seed filling. Also with regards to seed filling, 150gm hormone per hectare was significantly more influential than 60 gm. This result proved the role of higher doses of hormone in seed filling. No differences were observed between planting proportions of 6:2 and 8:2.

Introduction: Soybean (Glycine max L. ) is one of the most important oil seeds and its importance refer to its role in providing the essential fats needed to complete the human food pyramid similar to other oilseeds. In Iran, after cotton and canola, the highest cultivated land is dedicated to soybeans. The yield of plants such as soybeans is significantly reduced due to environmental stresses, especially drought stress. Thus the aim of the present study was an investigation of soybean advanced LINES and PARENTAL varieties under non-stress and under water stress conditions to compare different genotypes and identification of more tolerant LINES to water stress. Material: and methods Plant materials consisted of 30 soybean genotypes including three PARENTAL varieties Sahar, Williams, Katoul and 27 advanced LINES. The LINES were derived from PARENTAL varieties Sahar×K778, Sahar×Hamilton, Sahar×Gorgan3, Sahar×Williams, Williams×Katoul, Hamilton×Katoul, Sahar×Katoul, Williams×K778, Williams×Hamilton, Gorgan3×Williams. The plants were cultivated in a filed with a total area of 400 m2 at Ezberam, Siahkal (N 37° 1. 3′ 8 ̋ N, 49° 54′ 10. 5 ̋ E) in the Guilan province of Iran in spring and summer 2016 as randomized block complete design under normal and water stress conditions with three replications. A total of 14 traits were measured including plant height, number of nodes, first pod height from ground, number of branches, total weight of plant, number of pods, weight of total pods, number of filled pods, weight of filled pods, pod length, number of seeds per pod, number of total seeds, weight of total of seeds and 100-seed weight. Results: The combined analysis of variance revealed genotypes difference and genotype×conditions interaction were significant (p<0. 01) for all of the traits except pod length that indicated high diversity among soybean genotypes and different responses of genotypes to normal and water stress conditions for measured traits. According to the cluster analysis Ward method, all genotypes were assigned to three groups under normal condition. The first group consist of five advanced LINES Williams×Katoul3123, Williams×Katoul(4), Williams×Hamilton(2), Sahar×Hamilton(4), Gorgan3×Williams(2) and Katoul had higher mean based on all of agronomic and yield traits such as number and weight of pods, weight of total seeds and 100-seed weight than other genotypes. Under water stress condition genotypes were classified into three groups that third group consisting of four LINES Sahar×Katoul(4), Williams×Hamilton(1), Williams×K778(3) and Williams×Katoul(4) had higher performance based on important yield traits including number of pod, weight of pod, number and weight of filled pods, number of seeds per pod, number of seeds in plant, total weight of seeds in plant and 100-seed weight than other genotypes. Conclusions: According to comparisons mean, Gorgan3×Williams(2) had the highest weight of total pods (94. 4gr), number of branches (14. 11), number and weight seeds in plant (284. 22 and 66. 98 gr respectively) and 100-seed weight (35. 74gr) under normal condition and the highest weight of total pods (63. 28 gr), weight of filled pods (61. 91gr), number and weight seeds in plant (236. 44 and 44. 11gr respectively) and 100-seed weight (33. 67gr) belonged to Williams×Katoul(4). Also according to cluster analysis to comparing soybean genotypes under normal and water stress conditions, Williams×Katoul(4) in both groupings, belonged to the better group, indicating that the line was superior to other LINES and its parents in terms of total traits. Totally, advanced LINES performed better than their parents, especially under water stress condition. Also according to principal component analysis and biplot of two first PC, Gorgan3×Williams(2) under normal condition and Williams×Katoul(4) under both of conditions were better than other LINES and PARENTAL varieties.

Xrs-5 and xrs-7 are radiation - sensitive mutants of the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell LINES. These cells show a defect in rejoining of DNA double strand breaks and alterations in chromosome structure and morphology. Irs1 is also another Chinese hamster mutant derived from V79 cells with a high sensitivity to radiation and chemicals. The relationship between radiation sensitivity and metaphase chromosome size and morphology was examined in these mutants and their PARENTAL wild type cells. Cells were grown in MEM medium and after colcemid treatment, metaphase was prepared using standard methods. Slides were air dried and left on hot surface over night at 54°C and stained in Dapi. Metaphases were analysed using a computerized system, Smartcapture VP, and measurements were performed using IP Lab software. Results indicate a significant difference between the length, thickness and ratio of thickness to length of chromosomes xrs-5 to CHO-K1 andxrs-7 cells (P<0.001). Xrs-5 Chromosomes were seen to be over- condensed and shorter. In contrast, length of irs1 cells was seen to be longer than its PARENTAL LINES, V79 and V79-4. This is also found to be significantly different from each other (P <0. 001). These results suggest that there is a fundamental difference between mutant and PARENTAL cell~ in either the organization of the loops of DNA attached to the nuclear matrix or in the nature of the proteins that attach the DNA to the matrix. However, Chromosome size and over - condensed morphology might not play a role in radiosensitivity of cells, but might be due to alterations in the phosphorylation of chromatin proteins.    

Background and Objective: Hybrid cells are made from fusion of two or more somatic cells. After formation chromosomes are located in one membrane. . So nucleic condition of each fused cell has changes and two genomes and chromosomes interact with each other. Locating the genes in new nucleic and cytoplasmic condition and great chromosomal rearrangement in these new formed cells can affect their chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity. In this study the effect of bleomycin sulfate (BML) on two hybridoma cell LINES, F3B6 and HF2x653 was compared with two non-hybridoma WIL2 and NS1, their parent cells, focusing on chromosome aberrations in G1 phase of the cell cycle. Materials and Methods: Four frozen cell LINES, F3B6, NS1, HF2x653 and WIL2 were thawed and separately cultured in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10-15 % FBS. Cells were treated with two concentrations of bleomycin sulfate (50 and 100 mg/ml) at G1 phase during logarithmic phase of growth. After harvesting, preparation of metaphase spreads and Gimsa staining, aberrant cells and chromosomal aberrations were scored. Results: Results showed that aberrations induced in hybridoma cells are similar to those induced in their parent cell LINES. Cells with more chromosomes, ie F3B6 and NS1, had more chromosomal damages in comparison with cells having less chromosomes, Study of the abundance of damages in comparison with chromosomes confirms this result. Frequency of chromosomal aberrations in lieu of in two similar cells (NS1&F3B6) were alike and more than the other two ,WIL2 and HF2X653, Although sometimes hybrid cells showed more or less sensitivity than their PARENTAL cell LINES, they also did not show dose dependent response to bleomycin sulfate at G1 phase of the cell cycle. Conclusion: Hybridoma cell LINES studied in this study showed similar frequency of bleomycin induced chromosomal aberrations compared to one of the parent cell LINES and had more or less chromosome aberrations (sensitivity) than the other parent.

To investigate the effect of water stress on genetic parameters and combining ability of seed yield and some of the important traits of sunflower, eight restorer LINES with different drought tolerance were crossed with three cytoplasmic male sterile LINES as tester in 2014. Hybrids with their parents were evaluated in split plot arrangements using randomized complete block design with three replications at Shahrood Agricultural and Research station, Iran in 2014. Irrigation factors were assigned in the main plots at two levels, full irrigation and water deficit stress, and sunflower genotypes (24 hybrids, 11 PARENTAL LINES, and one check variety) were randomized in sub-plots. Days to maturity, plant height, head diameter, seed number per plant, 1000 seed weight and seed yield were measured and recorded. Results of line × tester analysis showed that the effect of LINES and testers in both conditions was significant for all studied traits, except for the head diameter in stress condition. The line × tester interaction effect in normal conditions was significant for seed number per plant and seed yield. LINES C122 and C123 and tester A19 in both conditions had the highest positive general combining ability in grain yield and could be used as suitable PARENTAL LINES for developing hybrids in sunflower breeding programs. Hybrid A19 × C122 with 5224 kg. ha-1 seed yield and 91 days growth duration produced the highest seed yield under normal irrigation condition. While hybrid A19 × R217 with 1868 kg. ha-1 had the highest seed yield under water stress condition.

Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus (YVMV) disease of okra is the single major production constraint and causes yield loss to the tune of 50-90% in India. Hence continuous search for new sources of resistance and development of better varieties/hybrids with durable level of resistance should receive attention of breeder. An attempt was made to screen twenty-six advanced LINES/varieties of okra in one of the hot spots of YVMV disease in eastern India to identify suitable parents for resistant breeding program. The study revealed high magnitude of genetic variability and high degree of transmission of majority of the growth, earLINESs, and yield component traits under consideration.Based on the degree of divergence, the genotypes were grouped into four clusters. Hybridization between genotypes belonging to Cluster II and Cluster III could combine early maturity, higher yield, and having high tolerance against YVMV disease. Dendrogram among the genotypes also revealed high diversity along with strong inter cluster relationships. Based on averages and principal component analysis, six genotypesviz., BCO-1, A. caillei, A.manihot, 11/RES-6, VNR Green and 12/RES-2 appeared very promising candidates for future use in resistant breeding programs.